Picture No 10800282 Date Description Franz Josef Gall, German Phrenologist Details 19th century caricature of Gall showing a skull to a group of his followers. The busts and human skulls in the background are arranged according to the type of person they came from. Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) was a neuroanatomist, physiologist, and pioneer in the study of the localization of mental functions in the brain. Gall developed 'cranioscopy', a method to determine the personality and development of mental and moral faculties on the basis of the external shape of the skull. Cranioscopy was later renamed to phrenology by his follower Johann Spurzheim. Source Photo Researchers Credit Line ©Photo Researchers / Mary Evans Picture Library