Excommunicate

Saint Ambrose (c. 340-397) excommunicating the Roman Emperor

Title page of the papal bull Exsurge Domine, 1520

Jan Hus (1369-1415). Czech theologian and philosopher

Jan Hus (1369-1415). Czech theologian and philosopher

Benedict XIII (Pedro Martinez de Luna) (1328-1423)

Edmund Rich and King Henry III

Excommunication. Copy from late 13th century

VINCENT of BEAUVAIS (1190-1264). Speculum historiale

VINCENT of BEAUVAIS (1190-1264). Speculum historiale