Secularizing

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, ca, 1920s, wearing

Prominent Turkish women in public without their

Kemal Ataturk, President of Turkey and his wife

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, President of Turkey, 1923-1938

Talaat Pacha, one of the Ottoman dictatorial triumvirate

Mehmed Talaat Pasha, one of the Ottoman dictatorial

Cemal Pasha was one of the Ottoman dictatorial triumvirate

Enver Pasha (center) and Cemal Pasha (center right)

Cemal Pasha and members of the Turkish Parliament

Ismail Enver Pasha, Ottoman military officer and