Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Spanish Polymath

Arnaldus de Villa Nova (1235-1311) was a Spanish alchemist, astrologer and physician. He studied chemistry, medicine, physics, and Arabic philosophy. He is credited with translating a number of medical texts from Arabic, including works by Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Qusta ibn Luqa (Costa ben Luca), and Galen. Many alchemical writings, including Thesaurus Thesaurorum or Rosarius Philosophorum, Novum Lumen, and Flos Florum, are also ascribed to him, but they are of very doubtful authenticity. Among his achievements was the discovery of carbon monoxide and pure alcohol. In 1313 he was summoned to Avignon by Pope Clement V, who was ill, but he died on the voyage

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New York Public Library