Arnold Sommerfeld, Theoretical Physicist

Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (December 5, 1868 - April 26, 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics. He was nominated a record 81 times for the Nobel Prize, and served as PhD supervisor for more Nobel prize winners in physics than any other supervisor before or since. He introduced the 2nd quantum number (azimuthal quantum number) and the 4th quantum number (spin quantum number). He also introduced the fine-structure constant, and pioneered X-ray wave theory. He died in 1951 at the age of 82 from injuries after a traffic accident while walking with his grandchildren

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