Ernest Hemingway, American Author

Hemingway in uniform, in 1918. Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 -July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of these are considered classics of American literature. He was an ambulance driver on the Italian front during World War I. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. In 1922, he moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent, and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s Lost Generation expatriate community. The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway's first novel, was published in 1926. As a journalist he covered the Spanish Civil War, and after which he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls. He was in London during World War II and present at the Normandy Landings and the liberation of Paris. Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952, Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left him in pain or ill health for much of the rest of his life. Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West, Florida, and Cuba during the 1930's and 1940's, but in 1959 he moved from Cuba to Ketchum, Idaho, where he committed suicide in the summer of 1961

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